Shoftim – Don’t Be Bribed, Be Incentivized

In Parshas Shoftim, the Torah cautions us about the dangers associated with accepting bribes. The Passuk states, "and you shall not take a bribe; for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and distorts the words of the righteous." Rashi comments on this passage, noting that even if a bribe is given to secure a just outcome, it will have the negative impact of blinding and distorting justice. It is inherent in human nature to be influenced by bribes, making it virtually impossible to remain unaffected, even in the slightest manner.

This passuk primarily addresses the judicial system, yet the principle extends to all forms of social interaction. Individuals who receive gifts tend to regard and treat the giver more favorably. Such behavior is certainly predictable, as it aligns with the virtue of gratitude, which is a highly esteemed value. The entire notion of offering gratuities is denoted by the acronym TIPS, which signifies 'To Ensure Prompt/Proper Service.' If a person's service improves merely with the expectation of receiving a gift, it follows that their treatment of the giver will be even more favorable once the gift has been received. Therefore, in all areas a person must be vigilant not to be bribed.

Incentives vs Bribes

Most individuals are aware of the principle of rewarding and incentivizing children to ensure they exhibit proper behavior or to motivate them to undertake chores, schoolwork, and similar activities. From infancy, we are rewarded for our progress. When a baby takes their first step, parents celebrate with cheers and applause. As children grow, they are encouraged through incentives for milestones such as potty training and learning to dress independently. In school, it is common to receive praise and awards for good behavior and academic success. Adults, in turn, receive a salary for their work commitments. Many employees dedicate extra time and effort to qualify for larger bonuses at the year's end. Some employers host award ceremonies and offer all-expenses-paid vacations to meet certain targets. How can this be reconciled with the warning in the Torah against accepting or offering bribes?

Much of the resolution to this question hinges on understanding the distinction between the purpose and aim of incentives versus that of a bribe. Operating under the assumption that individuals are inclined to do what is right, it is still difficult to consistently perform what they know to be right. Everyone experiences both high and low performance days; there are times when they excel while on others, their performance may not meet expectations. This is where the significance of incentives and rewards comes into play. Incentives are primarily designed to motivate individuals to engage in the tasks they are expected to perform. They serve to motivate and cultivate a habit of acting in accordance with what is deemed correct.

On the contrary, a bribe serves to manipulate an individual to act contrary to their principles. Instead of fostering the right course of action, it is designed to alter a person's viewpoint or behavior in a specific manner. While an individual may receive a reward or incentive for their efforts, a bribe is not something that is earned. It is simply a tool for influence, aimed at achieving a specific outcome.

Reward Yourself, You Deserve It

It is frequently presumed that incentives are utilized by others to stimulate the actions of another person. Nevertheless, individuals can and ought to utilize incentives to foster their own development and to reward themselves for their achievements. As an example, an individual resolves to work on their temperament and to control their anger. They commence on the first day, energized and wholly dedicated to their efforts. After a few days, they struggle significantly to avoid slipping back into old habits. After a week, they find themselves irritated by even the slightest provocation.  Realizing their lack of success, they take the easier option and abandon the project.

Yet, envision a scenario where an individual embarks on their self-improvement journey by implementing an incentive strategy that involves establishing small, achievable objectives to acknowledge their accomplishments. At specific intervals, they treat themselves to a small but meaningful reward. This could be a favorite snack, a soothing walk, or any enjoyable activity they look forward to. As they reach these short-term milestones, they gradually extend the intervals at a slow but consistent rate, progressing towards the celebration of a month, a year, or even more of personal development.

The Torah cautions against the corrupting influence of a bribe. However, it is crucial to distinguish this from the concepts of incentives and rewards. In fact, the Torah itself indicates that living in accordance with Hashem's commandments will ultimately bring about a life of abundance and contentment. Hashem emphasizes that there is a significant distinction between these two ideas. Therefore, feel empowered to provide incentives to your children, spouse, and yourself on the journey toward a happy and fulfilling life.